Area governs velocity
A small nozzle accelerates; a spray bar shares flow, though holes may not discharge evenly. Diameter, spacing and feed direction matter.
Lily pipes create broad patterns but biofilm changes their shape and needs cleaning.
Match the biological brief
Deflect for slow swimmers, angle upward for surface exchange, and avoid needless agitation in CO₂ injection without sacrificing oxygen.
Recheck after cleaning because outlet geometry is restored.